1//===-- AArch64AdvSIMDScalar.cpp - Replace dead defs w/ zero reg --===//
2//
3// Part of the LLVM Project, under the Apache License v2.0 with LLVM Exceptions.
4// See https://llvm.org/LICENSE.txt for license information.
5// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 WITH LLVM-exception
6//
7//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
8// When profitable, replace GPR targeting i64 instructions with their
9// AdvSIMD scalar equivalents. Generally speaking, "profitable" is defined
10// as minimizing the number of cross-class register copies.
11//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
12
13//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
14// TODO: Graph based predicate heuristics.
15// Walking the instruction list linearly will get many, perhaps most, of
16// the cases, but to do a truly thorough job of this, we need a more
17// wholistic approach.
18//
19// This optimization is very similar in spirit to the register allocator's
20// spill placement, only here we're determining where to place cross-class
21// register copies rather than spills. As such, a similar approach is
22// called for.
23//
24// We want to build up a set of graphs of all instructions which are candidates
25// for transformation along with instructions which generate their inputs and
26// consume their outputs. For each edge in the graph, we assign a weight
27// based on whether there is a copy required there (weight zero if not) and
28// the block frequency of the block containing the defining or using
29// instruction, whichever is less. Our optimization is then a graph problem
30// to minimize the total weight of all the graphs, then transform instructions
31// and add or remove copy instructions as called for to implement the
32// solution.
33//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
34
35#include "AArch64.h"
36#include "AArch64InstrInfo.h"
37#include "AArch64RegisterInfo.h"
38#include "llvm/ADT/Statistic.h"
39#include "llvm/CodeGen/MachineFunction.h"
40#include "llvm/CodeGen/MachineFunctionPass.h"
41#include "llvm/CodeGen/MachineInstr.h"
42#include "llvm/CodeGen/MachineInstrBuilder.h"
43#include "llvm/CodeGen/MachineRegisterInfo.h"
44#include "llvm/Support/CommandLine.h"
45#include "llvm/Support/Debug.h"
46#include "llvm/Support/raw_ostream.h"
47using namespace llvm;
48
49#define DEBUG_TYPE "aarch64-simd-scalar"
50
51// Allow forcing all i64 operations with equivalent SIMD instructions to use
52// them. For stress-testing the transformation function.
53static cl::opt<bool>
54TransformAll("aarch64-simd-scalar-force-all",
55 cl::desc("Force use of AdvSIMD scalar instructions everywhere"),
56 cl::init(Val: false), cl::Hidden);
57
58STATISTIC(NumScalarInsnsUsed, "Number of scalar instructions used");
59STATISTIC(NumCopiesDeleted, "Number of cross-class copies deleted");
60STATISTIC(NumCopiesInserted, "Number of cross-class copies inserted");
61
62#define AARCH64_ADVSIMD_NAME "AdvSIMD Scalar Operation Optimization"
63
64namespace {
65class AArch64AdvSIMDScalar : public MachineFunctionPass {
66 MachineRegisterInfo *MRI;
67 const TargetInstrInfo *TII;
68
69private:
70 // isProfitableToTransform - Predicate function to determine whether an
71 // instruction should be transformed to its equivalent AdvSIMD scalar
72 // instruction. "add Xd, Xn, Xm" ==> "add Dd, Da, Db", for example.
73 bool isProfitableToTransform(const MachineInstr &MI) const;
74
75 // transformInstruction - Perform the transformation of an instruction
76 // to its equivalant AdvSIMD scalar instruction. Update inputs and outputs
77 // to be the correct register class, minimizing cross-class copies.
78 void transformInstruction(MachineInstr &MI);
79
80 // processMachineBasicBlock - Main optimzation loop.
81 bool processMachineBasicBlock(MachineBasicBlock *MBB);
82
83public:
84 static char ID; // Pass identification, replacement for typeid.
85 explicit AArch64AdvSIMDScalar() : MachineFunctionPass(ID) {
86 initializeAArch64AdvSIMDScalarPass(*PassRegistry::getPassRegistry());
87 }
88
89 bool runOnMachineFunction(MachineFunction &F) override;
90
91 StringRef getPassName() const override { return AARCH64_ADVSIMD_NAME; }
92
93 void getAnalysisUsage(AnalysisUsage &AU) const override {
94 AU.setPreservesCFG();
95 MachineFunctionPass::getAnalysisUsage(AU);
96 }
97};
98char AArch64AdvSIMDScalar::ID = 0;
99} // end anonymous namespace
100
101INITIALIZE_PASS(AArch64AdvSIMDScalar, "aarch64-simd-scalar",
102 AARCH64_ADVSIMD_NAME, false, false)
103
104static bool isGPR64(unsigned Reg, unsigned SubReg,
105 const MachineRegisterInfo *MRI) {
106 if (SubReg)
107 return false;
108 if (Register::isVirtualRegister(Reg))
109 return MRI->getRegClass(Reg)->hasSuperClassEq(RC: &AArch64::GPR64RegClass);
110 return AArch64::GPR64RegClass.contains(Reg);
111}
112
113static bool isFPR64(unsigned Reg, unsigned SubReg,
114 const MachineRegisterInfo *MRI) {
115 if (Register::isVirtualRegister(Reg))
116 return (MRI->getRegClass(Reg)->hasSuperClassEq(RC: &AArch64::FPR64RegClass) &&
117 SubReg == 0) ||
118 (MRI->getRegClass(Reg)->hasSuperClassEq(RC: &AArch64::FPR128RegClass) &&
119 SubReg == AArch64::dsub);
120 // Physical register references just check the register class directly.
121 return (AArch64::FPR64RegClass.contains(Reg) && SubReg == 0) ||
122 (AArch64::FPR128RegClass.contains(Reg) && SubReg == AArch64::dsub);
123}
124
125// getSrcFromCopy - Get the original source register for a GPR64 <--> FPR64
126// copy instruction. Return nullptr if the instruction is not a copy.
127static MachineOperand *getSrcFromCopy(MachineInstr *MI,
128 const MachineRegisterInfo *MRI,
129 unsigned &SubReg) {
130 SubReg = 0;
131 // The "FMOV Xd, Dn" instruction is the typical form.
132 if (MI->getOpcode() == AArch64::FMOVDXr ||
133 MI->getOpcode() == AArch64::FMOVXDr)
134 return &MI->getOperand(i: 1);
135 // A lane zero extract "UMOV.d Xd, Vn[0]" is equivalent. We shouldn't see
136 // these at this stage, but it's easy to check for.
137 if (MI->getOpcode() == AArch64::UMOVvi64 && MI->getOperand(i: 2).getImm() == 0) {
138 SubReg = AArch64::dsub;
139 return &MI->getOperand(i: 1);
140 }
141 // Or just a plain COPY instruction. This can be directly to/from FPR64,
142 // or it can be a dsub subreg reference to an FPR128.
143 if (MI->getOpcode() == AArch64::COPY) {
144 if (isFPR64(Reg: MI->getOperand(i: 0).getReg(), SubReg: MI->getOperand(i: 0).getSubReg(),
145 MRI) &&
146 isGPR64(Reg: MI->getOperand(i: 1).getReg(), SubReg: MI->getOperand(i: 1).getSubReg(), MRI))
147 return &MI->getOperand(i: 1);
148 if (isGPR64(Reg: MI->getOperand(i: 0).getReg(), SubReg: MI->getOperand(i: 0).getSubReg(),
149 MRI) &&
150 isFPR64(Reg: MI->getOperand(i: 1).getReg(), SubReg: MI->getOperand(i: 1).getSubReg(),
151 MRI)) {
152 SubReg = MI->getOperand(i: 1).getSubReg();
153 return &MI->getOperand(i: 1);
154 }
155 }
156
157 // Otherwise, this is some other kind of instruction.
158 return nullptr;
159}
160
161// getTransformOpcode - For any opcode for which there is an AdvSIMD equivalent
162// that we're considering transforming to, return that AdvSIMD opcode. For all
163// others, return the original opcode.
164static unsigned getTransformOpcode(unsigned Opc) {
165 switch (Opc) {
166 default:
167 break;
168 // FIXME: Lots more possibilities.
169 case AArch64::ADDXrr:
170 return AArch64::ADDv1i64;
171 case AArch64::SUBXrr:
172 return AArch64::SUBv1i64;
173 case AArch64::ANDXrr:
174 return AArch64::ANDv8i8;
175 case AArch64::EORXrr:
176 return AArch64::EORv8i8;
177 case AArch64::ORRXrr:
178 return AArch64::ORRv8i8;
179 }
180 // No AdvSIMD equivalent, so just return the original opcode.
181 return Opc;
182}
183
184static bool isTransformable(const MachineInstr &MI) {
185 unsigned Opc = MI.getOpcode();
186 return Opc != getTransformOpcode(Opc);
187}
188
189// isProfitableToTransform - Predicate function to determine whether an
190// instruction should be transformed to its equivalent AdvSIMD scalar
191// instruction. "add Xd, Xn, Xm" ==> "add Dd, Da, Db", for example.
192bool AArch64AdvSIMDScalar::isProfitableToTransform(
193 const MachineInstr &MI) const {
194 // If this instruction isn't eligible to be transformed (no SIMD equivalent),
195 // early exit since that's the common case.
196 if (!isTransformable(MI))
197 return false;
198
199 // Count the number of copies we'll need to add and approximate the number
200 // of copies that a transform will enable us to remove.
201 unsigned NumNewCopies = 3;
202 unsigned NumRemovableCopies = 0;
203
204 Register OrigSrc0 = MI.getOperand(i: 1).getReg();
205 Register OrigSrc1 = MI.getOperand(i: 2).getReg();
206 unsigned SubReg0;
207 unsigned SubReg1;
208 if (!MRI->def_empty(RegNo: OrigSrc0)) {
209 MachineRegisterInfo::def_instr_iterator Def =
210 MRI->def_instr_begin(RegNo: OrigSrc0);
211 assert(std::next(Def) == MRI->def_instr_end() && "Multiple def in SSA!");
212 MachineOperand *MOSrc0 = getSrcFromCopy(MI: &*Def, MRI, SubReg&: SubReg0);
213 // If the source was from a copy, we don't need to insert a new copy.
214 if (MOSrc0)
215 --NumNewCopies;
216 // If there are no other users of the original source, we can delete
217 // that instruction.
218 if (MOSrc0 && MRI->hasOneNonDBGUse(RegNo: OrigSrc0))
219 ++NumRemovableCopies;
220 }
221 if (!MRI->def_empty(RegNo: OrigSrc1)) {
222 MachineRegisterInfo::def_instr_iterator Def =
223 MRI->def_instr_begin(RegNo: OrigSrc1);
224 assert(std::next(Def) == MRI->def_instr_end() && "Multiple def in SSA!");
225 MachineOperand *MOSrc1 = getSrcFromCopy(MI: &*Def, MRI, SubReg&: SubReg1);
226 if (MOSrc1)
227 --NumNewCopies;
228 // If there are no other users of the original source, we can delete
229 // that instruction.
230 if (MOSrc1 && MRI->hasOneNonDBGUse(RegNo: OrigSrc1))
231 ++NumRemovableCopies;
232 }
233
234 // If any of the uses of the original instructions is a cross class copy,
235 // that's a copy that will be removable if we transform. Likewise, if
236 // any of the uses is a transformable instruction, it's likely the tranforms
237 // will chain, enabling us to save a copy there, too. This is an aggressive
238 // heuristic that approximates the graph based cost analysis described above.
239 Register Dst = MI.getOperand(i: 0).getReg();
240 bool AllUsesAreCopies = true;
241 for (MachineRegisterInfo::use_instr_nodbg_iterator
242 Use = MRI->use_instr_nodbg_begin(RegNo: Dst),
243 E = MRI->use_instr_nodbg_end();
244 Use != E; ++Use) {
245 unsigned SubReg;
246 if (getSrcFromCopy(MI: &*Use, MRI, SubReg) || isTransformable(MI: *Use))
247 ++NumRemovableCopies;
248 // If the use is an INSERT_SUBREG, that's still something that can
249 // directly use the FPR64, so we don't invalidate AllUsesAreCopies. It's
250 // preferable to have it use the FPR64 in most cases, as if the source
251 // vector is an IMPLICIT_DEF, the INSERT_SUBREG just goes away entirely.
252 // Ditto for a lane insert.
253 else if (Use->getOpcode() == AArch64::INSERT_SUBREG ||
254 Use->getOpcode() == AArch64::INSvi64gpr)
255 ;
256 else
257 AllUsesAreCopies = false;
258 }
259 // If all of the uses of the original destination register are copies to
260 // FPR64, then we won't end up having a new copy back to GPR64 either.
261 if (AllUsesAreCopies)
262 --NumNewCopies;
263
264 // If a transform will not increase the number of cross-class copies required,
265 // return true.
266 if (NumNewCopies <= NumRemovableCopies)
267 return true;
268
269 // Finally, even if we otherwise wouldn't transform, check if we're forcing
270 // transformation of everything.
271 return TransformAll;
272}
273
274static MachineInstr *insertCopy(const TargetInstrInfo *TII, MachineInstr &MI,
275 unsigned Dst, unsigned Src, bool IsKill) {
276 MachineInstrBuilder MIB = BuildMI(BB&: *MI.getParent(), I&: MI, MIMD: MI.getDebugLoc(),
277 MCID: TII->get(Opcode: AArch64::COPY), DestReg: Dst)
278 .addReg(RegNo: Src, flags: getKillRegState(B: IsKill));
279 LLVM_DEBUG(dbgs() << " adding copy: " << *MIB);
280 ++NumCopiesInserted;
281 return MIB;
282}
283
284// transformInstruction - Perform the transformation of an instruction
285// to its equivalant AdvSIMD scalar instruction. Update inputs and outputs
286// to be the correct register class, minimizing cross-class copies.
287void AArch64AdvSIMDScalar::transformInstruction(MachineInstr &MI) {
288 LLVM_DEBUG(dbgs() << "Scalar transform: " << MI);
289
290 MachineBasicBlock *MBB = MI.getParent();
291 unsigned OldOpc = MI.getOpcode();
292 unsigned NewOpc = getTransformOpcode(Opc: OldOpc);
293 assert(OldOpc != NewOpc && "transform an instruction to itself?!");
294
295 // Check if we need a copy for the source registers.
296 Register OrigSrc0 = MI.getOperand(i: 1).getReg();
297 Register OrigSrc1 = MI.getOperand(i: 2).getReg();
298 unsigned Src0 = 0, SubReg0;
299 unsigned Src1 = 0, SubReg1;
300 bool KillSrc0 = false, KillSrc1 = false;
301 if (!MRI->def_empty(RegNo: OrigSrc0)) {
302 MachineRegisterInfo::def_instr_iterator Def =
303 MRI->def_instr_begin(RegNo: OrigSrc0);
304 assert(std::next(Def) == MRI->def_instr_end() && "Multiple def in SSA!");
305 MachineOperand *MOSrc0 = getSrcFromCopy(MI: &*Def, MRI, SubReg&: SubReg0);
306 // If there are no other users of the original source, we can delete
307 // that instruction.
308 if (MOSrc0) {
309 Src0 = MOSrc0->getReg();
310 KillSrc0 = MOSrc0->isKill();
311 // Src0 is going to be reused, thus, it cannot be killed anymore.
312 MOSrc0->setIsKill(false);
313 if (MRI->hasOneNonDBGUse(RegNo: OrigSrc0)) {
314 assert(MOSrc0 && "Can't delete copy w/o a valid original source!");
315 Def->eraseFromParent();
316 ++NumCopiesDeleted;
317 }
318 }
319 }
320 if (!MRI->def_empty(RegNo: OrigSrc1)) {
321 MachineRegisterInfo::def_instr_iterator Def =
322 MRI->def_instr_begin(RegNo: OrigSrc1);
323 assert(std::next(Def) == MRI->def_instr_end() && "Multiple def in SSA!");
324 MachineOperand *MOSrc1 = getSrcFromCopy(MI: &*Def, MRI, SubReg&: SubReg1);
325 // If there are no other users of the original source, we can delete
326 // that instruction.
327 if (MOSrc1) {
328 Src1 = MOSrc1->getReg();
329 KillSrc1 = MOSrc1->isKill();
330 // Src0 is going to be reused, thus, it cannot be killed anymore.
331 MOSrc1->setIsKill(false);
332 if (MRI->hasOneNonDBGUse(RegNo: OrigSrc1)) {
333 assert(MOSrc1 && "Can't delete copy w/o a valid original source!");
334 Def->eraseFromParent();
335 ++NumCopiesDeleted;
336 }
337 }
338 }
339 // If we weren't able to reference the original source directly, create a
340 // copy.
341 if (!Src0) {
342 SubReg0 = 0;
343 Src0 = MRI->createVirtualRegister(RegClass: &AArch64::FPR64RegClass);
344 insertCopy(TII, MI, Dst: Src0, Src: OrigSrc0, IsKill: KillSrc0);
345 KillSrc0 = true;
346 }
347 if (!Src1) {
348 SubReg1 = 0;
349 Src1 = MRI->createVirtualRegister(RegClass: &AArch64::FPR64RegClass);
350 insertCopy(TII, MI, Dst: Src1, Src: OrigSrc1, IsKill: KillSrc1);
351 KillSrc1 = true;
352 }
353
354 // Create a vreg for the destination.
355 // FIXME: No need to do this if the ultimate user expects an FPR64.
356 // Check for that and avoid the copy if possible.
357 Register Dst = MRI->createVirtualRegister(RegClass: &AArch64::FPR64RegClass);
358
359 // For now, all of the new instructions have the same simple three-register
360 // form, so no need to special case based on what instruction we're
361 // building.
362 BuildMI(BB&: *MBB, I&: MI, MIMD: MI.getDebugLoc(), MCID: TII->get(Opcode: NewOpc), DestReg: Dst)
363 .addReg(RegNo: Src0, flags: getKillRegState(B: KillSrc0), SubReg: SubReg0)
364 .addReg(RegNo: Src1, flags: getKillRegState(B: KillSrc1), SubReg: SubReg1);
365
366 // Now copy the result back out to a GPR.
367 // FIXME: Try to avoid this if all uses could actually just use the FPR64
368 // directly.
369 insertCopy(TII, MI, Dst: MI.getOperand(i: 0).getReg(), Src: Dst, IsKill: true);
370
371 // Erase the old instruction.
372 MI.eraseFromParent();
373
374 ++NumScalarInsnsUsed;
375}
376
377// processMachineBasicBlock - Main optimzation loop.
378bool AArch64AdvSIMDScalar::processMachineBasicBlock(MachineBasicBlock *MBB) {
379 bool Changed = false;
380 for (MachineInstr &MI : llvm::make_early_inc_range(Range&: *MBB)) {
381 if (isProfitableToTransform(MI)) {
382 transformInstruction(MI);
383 Changed = true;
384 }
385 }
386 return Changed;
387}
388
389// runOnMachineFunction - Pass entry point from PassManager.
390bool AArch64AdvSIMDScalar::runOnMachineFunction(MachineFunction &mf) {
391 bool Changed = false;
392 LLVM_DEBUG(dbgs() << "***** AArch64AdvSIMDScalar *****\n");
393
394 if (skipFunction(F: mf.getFunction()))
395 return false;
396
397 MRI = &mf.getRegInfo();
398 TII = mf.getSubtarget().getInstrInfo();
399
400 // Just check things on a one-block-at-a-time basis.
401 for (MachineBasicBlock &MBB : mf)
402 if (processMachineBasicBlock(MBB: &MBB))
403 Changed = true;
404 return Changed;
405}
406
407// createAArch64AdvSIMDScalar - Factory function used by AArch64TargetMachine
408// to add the pass to the PassManager.
409FunctionPass *llvm::createAArch64AdvSIMDScalar() {
410 return new AArch64AdvSIMDScalar();
411}
412