1//===- StraightLineStrengthReduce.cpp - -----------------------------------===//
2//
3// Part of the LLVM Project, under the Apache License v2.0 with LLVM Exceptions.
4// See https://llvm.org/LICENSE.txt for license information.
5// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 WITH LLVM-exception
6//
7//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
8//
9// This file implements straight-line strength reduction (SLSR). Unlike loop
10// strength reduction, this algorithm is designed to reduce arithmetic
11// redundancy in straight-line code instead of loops. It has proven to be
12// effective in simplifying arithmetic statements derived from an unrolled loop.
13// It can also simplify the logic of SeparateConstOffsetFromGEP.
14//
15// There are many optimizations we can perform in the domain of SLSR. This file
16// for now contains only an initial step. Specifically, we look for strength
17// reduction candidates in the following forms:
18//
19// Form 1: B + i * S
20// Form 2: (B + i) * S
21// Form 3: &B[i * S]
22//
23// where S is an integer variable, and i is a constant integer. If we found two
24// candidates S1 and S2 in the same form and S1 dominates S2, we may rewrite S2
25// in a simpler way with respect to S1. For example,
26//
27// S1: X = B + i * S
28// S2: Y = B + i' * S => X + (i' - i) * S
29//
30// S1: X = (B + i) * S
31// S2: Y = (B + i') * S => X + (i' - i) * S
32//
33// S1: X = &B[i * S]
34// S2: Y = &B[i' * S] => &X[(i' - i) * S]
35//
36// Note: (i' - i) * S is folded to the extent possible.
37//
38// This rewriting is in general a good idea. The code patterns we focus on
39// usually come from loop unrolling, so (i' - i) * S is likely the same
40// across iterations and can be reused. When that happens, the optimized form
41// takes only one add starting from the second iteration.
42//
43// When such rewriting is possible, we call S1 a "basis" of S2. When S2 has
44// multiple bases, we choose to rewrite S2 with respect to its "immediate"
45// basis, the basis that is the closest ancestor in the dominator tree.
46//
47// TODO:
48//
49// - Floating point arithmetics when fast math is enabled.
50//
51// - SLSR may decrease ILP at the architecture level. Targets that are very
52// sensitive to ILP may want to disable it. Having SLSR to consider ILP is
53// left as future work.
54//
55// - When (i' - i) is constant but i and i' are not, we could still perform
56// SLSR.
57
58#include "llvm/Transforms/Scalar/StraightLineStrengthReduce.h"
59#include "llvm/ADT/APInt.h"
60#include "llvm/ADT/DepthFirstIterator.h"
61#include "llvm/ADT/SmallVector.h"
62#include "llvm/Analysis/ScalarEvolution.h"
63#include "llvm/Analysis/TargetTransformInfo.h"
64#include "llvm/Analysis/ValueTracking.h"
65#include "llvm/IR/Constants.h"
66#include "llvm/IR/DataLayout.h"
67#include "llvm/IR/DerivedTypes.h"
68#include "llvm/IR/Dominators.h"
69#include "llvm/IR/GetElementPtrTypeIterator.h"
70#include "llvm/IR/IRBuilder.h"
71#include "llvm/IR/Instruction.h"
72#include "llvm/IR/Instructions.h"
73#include "llvm/IR/Module.h"
74#include "llvm/IR/Operator.h"
75#include "llvm/IR/PatternMatch.h"
76#include "llvm/IR/Type.h"
77#include "llvm/IR/Value.h"
78#include "llvm/InitializePasses.h"
79#include "llvm/Pass.h"
80#include "llvm/Support/Casting.h"
81#include "llvm/Support/ErrorHandling.h"
82#include "llvm/Transforms/Scalar.h"
83#include "llvm/Transforms/Utils/Local.h"
84#include <cassert>
85#include <cstdint>
86#include <limits>
87#include <list>
88#include <vector>
89
90using namespace llvm;
91using namespace PatternMatch;
92
93static const unsigned UnknownAddressSpace =
94 std::numeric_limits<unsigned>::max();
95
96namespace {
97
98class StraightLineStrengthReduceLegacyPass : public FunctionPass {
99 const DataLayout *DL = nullptr;
100
101public:
102 static char ID;
103
104 StraightLineStrengthReduceLegacyPass() : FunctionPass(ID) {
105 initializeStraightLineStrengthReduceLegacyPassPass(
106 *PassRegistry::getPassRegistry());
107 }
108
109 void getAnalysisUsage(AnalysisUsage &AU) const override {
110 AU.addRequired<DominatorTreeWrapperPass>();
111 AU.addRequired<ScalarEvolutionWrapperPass>();
112 AU.addRequired<TargetTransformInfoWrapperPass>();
113 // We do not modify the shape of the CFG.
114 AU.setPreservesCFG();
115 }
116
117 bool doInitialization(Module &M) override {
118 DL = &M.getDataLayout();
119 return false;
120 }
121
122 bool runOnFunction(Function &F) override;
123};
124
125class StraightLineStrengthReduce {
126public:
127 StraightLineStrengthReduce(const DataLayout *DL, DominatorTree *DT,
128 ScalarEvolution *SE, TargetTransformInfo *TTI)
129 : DL(DL), DT(DT), SE(SE), TTI(TTI) {}
130
131 // SLSR candidate. Such a candidate must be in one of the forms described in
132 // the header comments.
133 struct Candidate {
134 enum Kind {
135 Invalid, // reserved for the default constructor
136 Add, // B + i * S
137 Mul, // (B + i) * S
138 GEP, // &B[..][i * S][..]
139 };
140
141 Candidate() = default;
142 Candidate(Kind CT, const SCEV *B, ConstantInt *Idx, Value *S,
143 Instruction *I)
144 : CandidateKind(CT), Base(B), Index(Idx), Stride(S), Ins(I) {}
145
146 Kind CandidateKind = Invalid;
147
148 const SCEV *Base = nullptr;
149
150 // Note that Index and Stride of a GEP candidate do not necessarily have the
151 // same integer type. In that case, during rewriting, Stride will be
152 // sign-extended or truncated to Index's type.
153 ConstantInt *Index = nullptr;
154
155 Value *Stride = nullptr;
156
157 // The instruction this candidate corresponds to. It helps us to rewrite a
158 // candidate with respect to its immediate basis. Note that one instruction
159 // can correspond to multiple candidates depending on how you associate the
160 // expression. For instance,
161 //
162 // (a + 1) * (b + 2)
163 //
164 // can be treated as
165 //
166 // <Base: a, Index: 1, Stride: b + 2>
167 //
168 // or
169 //
170 // <Base: b, Index: 2, Stride: a + 1>
171 Instruction *Ins = nullptr;
172
173 // Points to the immediate basis of this candidate, or nullptr if we cannot
174 // find any basis for this candidate.
175 Candidate *Basis = nullptr;
176 };
177
178 bool runOnFunction(Function &F);
179
180private:
181 // Returns true if Basis is a basis for C, i.e., Basis dominates C and they
182 // share the same base and stride.
183 bool isBasisFor(const Candidate &Basis, const Candidate &C);
184
185 // Returns whether the candidate can be folded into an addressing mode.
186 bool isFoldable(const Candidate &C, TargetTransformInfo *TTI,
187 const DataLayout *DL);
188
189 // Returns true if C is already in a simplest form and not worth being
190 // rewritten.
191 bool isSimplestForm(const Candidate &C);
192
193 // Checks whether I is in a candidate form. If so, adds all the matching forms
194 // to Candidates, and tries to find the immediate basis for each of them.
195 void allocateCandidatesAndFindBasis(Instruction *I);
196
197 // Allocate candidates and find bases for Add instructions.
198 void allocateCandidatesAndFindBasisForAdd(Instruction *I);
199
200 // Given I = LHS + RHS, factors RHS into i * S and makes (LHS + i * S) a
201 // candidate.
202 void allocateCandidatesAndFindBasisForAdd(Value *LHS, Value *RHS,
203 Instruction *I);
204 // Allocate candidates and find bases for Mul instructions.
205 void allocateCandidatesAndFindBasisForMul(Instruction *I);
206
207 // Splits LHS into Base + Index and, if succeeds, calls
208 // allocateCandidatesAndFindBasis.
209 void allocateCandidatesAndFindBasisForMul(Value *LHS, Value *RHS,
210 Instruction *I);
211
212 // Allocate candidates and find bases for GetElementPtr instructions.
213 void allocateCandidatesAndFindBasisForGEP(GetElementPtrInst *GEP);
214
215 // A helper function that scales Idx with ElementSize before invoking
216 // allocateCandidatesAndFindBasis.
217 void allocateCandidatesAndFindBasisForGEP(const SCEV *B, ConstantInt *Idx,
218 Value *S, uint64_t ElementSize,
219 Instruction *I);
220
221 // Adds the given form <CT, B, Idx, S> to Candidates, and finds its immediate
222 // basis.
223 void allocateCandidatesAndFindBasis(Candidate::Kind CT, const SCEV *B,
224 ConstantInt *Idx, Value *S,
225 Instruction *I);
226
227 // Rewrites candidate C with respect to Basis.
228 void rewriteCandidateWithBasis(const Candidate &C, const Candidate &Basis);
229
230 // A helper function that factors ArrayIdx to a product of a stride and a
231 // constant index, and invokes allocateCandidatesAndFindBasis with the
232 // factorings.
233 void factorArrayIndex(Value *ArrayIdx, const SCEV *Base, uint64_t ElementSize,
234 GetElementPtrInst *GEP);
235
236 // Emit code that computes the "bump" from Basis to C.
237 static Value *emitBump(const Candidate &Basis, const Candidate &C,
238 IRBuilder<> &Builder, const DataLayout *DL);
239
240 const DataLayout *DL = nullptr;
241 DominatorTree *DT = nullptr;
242 ScalarEvolution *SE;
243 TargetTransformInfo *TTI = nullptr;
244 std::list<Candidate> Candidates;
245
246 // Temporarily holds all instructions that are unlinked (but not deleted) by
247 // rewriteCandidateWithBasis. These instructions will be actually removed
248 // after all rewriting finishes.
249 std::vector<Instruction *> UnlinkedInstructions;
250};
251
252} // end anonymous namespace
253
254char StraightLineStrengthReduceLegacyPass::ID = 0;
255
256INITIALIZE_PASS_BEGIN(StraightLineStrengthReduceLegacyPass, "slsr",
257 "Straight line strength reduction", false, false)
258INITIALIZE_PASS_DEPENDENCY(DominatorTreeWrapperPass)
259INITIALIZE_PASS_DEPENDENCY(ScalarEvolutionWrapperPass)
260INITIALIZE_PASS_DEPENDENCY(TargetTransformInfoWrapperPass)
261INITIALIZE_PASS_END(StraightLineStrengthReduceLegacyPass, "slsr",
262 "Straight line strength reduction", false, false)
263
264FunctionPass *llvm::createStraightLineStrengthReducePass() {
265 return new StraightLineStrengthReduceLegacyPass();
266}
267
268bool StraightLineStrengthReduce::isBasisFor(const Candidate &Basis,
269 const Candidate &C) {
270 return (Basis.Ins != C.Ins && // skip the same instruction
271 // They must have the same type too. Basis.Base == C.Base doesn't
272 // guarantee their types are the same (PR23975).
273 Basis.Ins->getType() == C.Ins->getType() &&
274 // Basis must dominate C in order to rewrite C with respect to Basis.
275 DT->dominates(A: Basis.Ins->getParent(), B: C.Ins->getParent()) &&
276 // They share the same base, stride, and candidate kind.
277 Basis.Base == C.Base && Basis.Stride == C.Stride &&
278 Basis.CandidateKind == C.CandidateKind);
279}
280
281static bool isGEPFoldable(GetElementPtrInst *GEP,
282 const TargetTransformInfo *TTI) {
283 SmallVector<const Value *, 4> Indices(GEP->indices());
284 return TTI->getGEPCost(PointeeType: GEP->getSourceElementType(), Ptr: GEP->getPointerOperand(),
285 Operands: Indices) == TargetTransformInfo::TCC_Free;
286}
287
288// Returns whether (Base + Index * Stride) can be folded to an addressing mode.
289static bool isAddFoldable(const SCEV *Base, ConstantInt *Index, Value *Stride,
290 TargetTransformInfo *TTI) {
291 // Index->getSExtValue() may crash if Index is wider than 64-bit.
292 return Index->getBitWidth() <= 64 &&
293 TTI->isLegalAddressingMode(Ty: Base->getType(), BaseGV: nullptr, BaseOffset: 0, HasBaseReg: true,
294 Scale: Index->getSExtValue(), AddrSpace: UnknownAddressSpace);
295}
296
297bool StraightLineStrengthReduce::isFoldable(const Candidate &C,
298 TargetTransformInfo *TTI,
299 const DataLayout *DL) {
300 if (C.CandidateKind == Candidate::Add)
301 return isAddFoldable(Base: C.Base, Index: C.Index, Stride: C.Stride, TTI);
302 if (C.CandidateKind == Candidate::GEP)
303 return isGEPFoldable(GEP: cast<GetElementPtrInst>(Val: C.Ins), TTI);
304 return false;
305}
306
307// Returns true if GEP has zero or one non-zero index.
308static bool hasOnlyOneNonZeroIndex(GetElementPtrInst *GEP) {
309 unsigned NumNonZeroIndices = 0;
310 for (Use &Idx : GEP->indices()) {
311 ConstantInt *ConstIdx = dyn_cast<ConstantInt>(Val&: Idx);
312 if (ConstIdx == nullptr || !ConstIdx->isZero())
313 ++NumNonZeroIndices;
314 }
315 return NumNonZeroIndices <= 1;
316}
317
318bool StraightLineStrengthReduce::isSimplestForm(const Candidate &C) {
319 if (C.CandidateKind == Candidate::Add) {
320 // B + 1 * S or B + (-1) * S
321 return C.Index->isOne() || C.Index->isMinusOne();
322 }
323 if (C.CandidateKind == Candidate::Mul) {
324 // (B + 0) * S
325 return C.Index->isZero();
326 }
327 if (C.CandidateKind == Candidate::GEP) {
328 // (char*)B + S or (char*)B - S
329 return ((C.Index->isOne() || C.Index->isMinusOne()) &&
330 hasOnlyOneNonZeroIndex(GEP: cast<GetElementPtrInst>(Val: C.Ins)));
331 }
332 return false;
333}
334
335// TODO: We currently implement an algorithm whose time complexity is linear in
336// the number of existing candidates. However, we could do better by using
337// ScopedHashTable. Specifically, while traversing the dominator tree, we could
338// maintain all the candidates that dominate the basic block being traversed in
339// a ScopedHashTable. This hash table is indexed by the base and the stride of
340// a candidate. Therefore, finding the immediate basis of a candidate boils down
341// to one hash-table look up.
342void StraightLineStrengthReduce::allocateCandidatesAndFindBasis(
343 Candidate::Kind CT, const SCEV *B, ConstantInt *Idx, Value *S,
344 Instruction *I) {
345 Candidate C(CT, B, Idx, S, I);
346 // SLSR can complicate an instruction in two cases:
347 //
348 // 1. If we can fold I into an addressing mode, computing I is likely free or
349 // takes only one instruction.
350 //
351 // 2. I is already in a simplest form. For example, when
352 // X = B + 8 * S
353 // Y = B + S,
354 // rewriting Y to X - 7 * S is probably a bad idea.
355 //
356 // In the above cases, we still add I to the candidate list so that I can be
357 // the basis of other candidates, but we leave I's basis blank so that I
358 // won't be rewritten.
359 if (!isFoldable(C, TTI, DL) && !isSimplestForm(C)) {
360 // Try to compute the immediate basis of C.
361 unsigned NumIterations = 0;
362 // Limit the scan radius to avoid running in quadratice time.
363 static const unsigned MaxNumIterations = 50;
364 for (auto Basis = Candidates.rbegin();
365 Basis != Candidates.rend() && NumIterations < MaxNumIterations;
366 ++Basis, ++NumIterations) {
367 if (isBasisFor(Basis: *Basis, C)) {
368 C.Basis = &(*Basis);
369 break;
370 }
371 }
372 }
373 // Regardless of whether we find a basis for C, we need to push C to the
374 // candidate list so that it can be the basis of other candidates.
375 Candidates.push_back(x: C);
376}
377
378void StraightLineStrengthReduce::allocateCandidatesAndFindBasis(
379 Instruction *I) {
380 switch (I->getOpcode()) {
381 case Instruction::Add:
382 allocateCandidatesAndFindBasisForAdd(I);
383 break;
384 case Instruction::Mul:
385 allocateCandidatesAndFindBasisForMul(I);
386 break;
387 case Instruction::GetElementPtr:
388 allocateCandidatesAndFindBasisForGEP(GEP: cast<GetElementPtrInst>(Val: I));
389 break;
390 }
391}
392
393void StraightLineStrengthReduce::allocateCandidatesAndFindBasisForAdd(
394 Instruction *I) {
395 // Try matching B + i * S.
396 if (!isa<IntegerType>(Val: I->getType()))
397 return;
398
399 assert(I->getNumOperands() == 2 && "isn't I an add?");
400 Value *LHS = I->getOperand(i: 0), *RHS = I->getOperand(i: 1);
401 allocateCandidatesAndFindBasisForAdd(LHS, RHS, I);
402 if (LHS != RHS)
403 allocateCandidatesAndFindBasisForAdd(LHS: RHS, RHS: LHS, I);
404}
405
406void StraightLineStrengthReduce::allocateCandidatesAndFindBasisForAdd(
407 Value *LHS, Value *RHS, Instruction *I) {
408 Value *S = nullptr;
409 ConstantInt *Idx = nullptr;
410 if (match(V: RHS, P: m_Mul(L: m_Value(V&: S), R: m_ConstantInt(CI&: Idx)))) {
411 // I = LHS + RHS = LHS + Idx * S
412 allocateCandidatesAndFindBasis(CT: Candidate::Add, B: SE->getSCEV(V: LHS), Idx, S, I);
413 } else if (match(V: RHS, P: m_Shl(L: m_Value(V&: S), R: m_ConstantInt(CI&: Idx)))) {
414 // I = LHS + RHS = LHS + (S << Idx) = LHS + S * (1 << Idx)
415 APInt One(Idx->getBitWidth(), 1);
416 Idx = ConstantInt::get(Context&: Idx->getContext(), V: One << Idx->getValue());
417 allocateCandidatesAndFindBasis(CT: Candidate::Add, B: SE->getSCEV(V: LHS), Idx, S, I);
418 } else {
419 // At least, I = LHS + 1 * RHS
420 ConstantInt *One = ConstantInt::get(Ty: cast<IntegerType>(Val: I->getType()), V: 1);
421 allocateCandidatesAndFindBasis(CT: Candidate::Add, B: SE->getSCEV(V: LHS), Idx: One, S: RHS,
422 I);
423 }
424}
425
426// Returns true if A matches B + C where C is constant.
427static bool matchesAdd(Value *A, Value *&B, ConstantInt *&C) {
428 return match(V: A, P: m_c_Add(L: m_Value(V&: B), R: m_ConstantInt(CI&: C)));
429}
430
431// Returns true if A matches B | C where C is constant.
432static bool matchesOr(Value *A, Value *&B, ConstantInt *&C) {
433 return match(V: A, P: m_c_Or(L: m_Value(V&: B), R: m_ConstantInt(CI&: C)));
434}
435
436void StraightLineStrengthReduce::allocateCandidatesAndFindBasisForMul(
437 Value *LHS, Value *RHS, Instruction *I) {
438 Value *B = nullptr;
439 ConstantInt *Idx = nullptr;
440 if (matchesAdd(A: LHS, B, C&: Idx)) {
441 // If LHS is in the form of "Base + Index", then I is in the form of
442 // "(Base + Index) * RHS".
443 allocateCandidatesAndFindBasis(CT: Candidate::Mul, B: SE->getSCEV(V: B), Idx, S: RHS, I);
444 } else if (matchesOr(A: LHS, B, C&: Idx) && haveNoCommonBitsSet(LHSCache: B, RHSCache: Idx, SQ: *DL)) {
445 // If LHS is in the form of "Base | Index" and Base and Index have no common
446 // bits set, then
447 // Base | Index = Base + Index
448 // and I is thus in the form of "(Base + Index) * RHS".
449 allocateCandidatesAndFindBasis(CT: Candidate::Mul, B: SE->getSCEV(V: B), Idx, S: RHS, I);
450 } else {
451 // Otherwise, at least try the form (LHS + 0) * RHS.
452 ConstantInt *Zero = ConstantInt::get(Ty: cast<IntegerType>(Val: I->getType()), V: 0);
453 allocateCandidatesAndFindBasis(CT: Candidate::Mul, B: SE->getSCEV(V: LHS), Idx: Zero, S: RHS,
454 I);
455 }
456}
457
458void StraightLineStrengthReduce::allocateCandidatesAndFindBasisForMul(
459 Instruction *I) {
460 // Try matching (B + i) * S.
461 // TODO: we could extend SLSR to float and vector types.
462 if (!isa<IntegerType>(Val: I->getType()))
463 return;
464
465 assert(I->getNumOperands() == 2 && "isn't I a mul?");
466 Value *LHS = I->getOperand(i: 0), *RHS = I->getOperand(i: 1);
467 allocateCandidatesAndFindBasisForMul(LHS, RHS, I);
468 if (LHS != RHS) {
469 // Symmetrically, try to split RHS to Base + Index.
470 allocateCandidatesAndFindBasisForMul(LHS: RHS, RHS: LHS, I);
471 }
472}
473
474void StraightLineStrengthReduce::allocateCandidatesAndFindBasisForGEP(
475 const SCEV *B, ConstantInt *Idx, Value *S, uint64_t ElementSize,
476 Instruction *I) {
477 // I = B + sext(Idx *nsw S) * ElementSize
478 // = B + (sext(Idx) * sext(S)) * ElementSize
479 // = B + (sext(Idx) * ElementSize) * sext(S)
480 // Casting to IntegerType is safe because we skipped vector GEPs.
481 IntegerType *PtrIdxTy = cast<IntegerType>(Val: DL->getIndexType(PtrTy: I->getType()));
482 ConstantInt *ScaledIdx = ConstantInt::get(
483 Ty: PtrIdxTy, V: Idx->getSExtValue() * (int64_t)ElementSize, IsSigned: true);
484 allocateCandidatesAndFindBasis(CT: Candidate::GEP, B, Idx: ScaledIdx, S, I);
485}
486
487void StraightLineStrengthReduce::factorArrayIndex(Value *ArrayIdx,
488 const SCEV *Base,
489 uint64_t ElementSize,
490 GetElementPtrInst *GEP) {
491 // At least, ArrayIdx = ArrayIdx *nsw 1.
492 allocateCandidatesAndFindBasisForGEP(
493 B: Base, Idx: ConstantInt::get(Ty: cast<IntegerType>(Val: ArrayIdx->getType()), V: 1),
494 S: ArrayIdx, ElementSize, I: GEP);
495 Value *LHS = nullptr;
496 ConstantInt *RHS = nullptr;
497 // One alternative is matching the SCEV of ArrayIdx instead of ArrayIdx
498 // itself. This would allow us to handle the shl case for free. However,
499 // matching SCEVs has two issues:
500 //
501 // 1. this would complicate rewriting because the rewriting procedure
502 // would have to translate SCEVs back to IR instructions. This translation
503 // is difficult when LHS is further evaluated to a composite SCEV.
504 //
505 // 2. ScalarEvolution is designed to be control-flow oblivious. It tends
506 // to strip nsw/nuw flags which are critical for SLSR to trace into
507 // sext'ed multiplication.
508 if (match(V: ArrayIdx, P: m_NSWMul(L: m_Value(V&: LHS), R: m_ConstantInt(CI&: RHS)))) {
509 // SLSR is currently unsafe if i * S may overflow.
510 // GEP = Base + sext(LHS *nsw RHS) * ElementSize
511 allocateCandidatesAndFindBasisForGEP(B: Base, Idx: RHS, S: LHS, ElementSize, I: GEP);
512 } else if (match(V: ArrayIdx, P: m_NSWShl(L: m_Value(V&: LHS), R: m_ConstantInt(CI&: RHS)))) {
513 // GEP = Base + sext(LHS <<nsw RHS) * ElementSize
514 // = Base + sext(LHS *nsw (1 << RHS)) * ElementSize
515 APInt One(RHS->getBitWidth(), 1);
516 ConstantInt *PowerOf2 =
517 ConstantInt::get(Context&: RHS->getContext(), V: One << RHS->getValue());
518 allocateCandidatesAndFindBasisForGEP(B: Base, Idx: PowerOf2, S: LHS, ElementSize, I: GEP);
519 }
520}
521
522void StraightLineStrengthReduce::allocateCandidatesAndFindBasisForGEP(
523 GetElementPtrInst *GEP) {
524 // TODO: handle vector GEPs
525 if (GEP->getType()->isVectorTy())
526 return;
527
528 SmallVector<const SCEV *, 4> IndexExprs;
529 for (Use &Idx : GEP->indices())
530 IndexExprs.push_back(Elt: SE->getSCEV(V: Idx));
531
532 gep_type_iterator GTI = gep_type_begin(GEP);
533 for (unsigned I = 1, E = GEP->getNumOperands(); I != E; ++I, ++GTI) {
534 if (GTI.isStruct())
535 continue;
536
537 const SCEV *OrigIndexExpr = IndexExprs[I - 1];
538 IndexExprs[I - 1] = SE->getZero(Ty: OrigIndexExpr->getType());
539
540 // The base of this candidate is GEP's base plus the offsets of all
541 // indices except this current one.
542 const SCEV *BaseExpr = SE->getGEPExpr(GEP: cast<GEPOperator>(Val: GEP), IndexExprs);
543 Value *ArrayIdx = GEP->getOperand(i_nocapture: I);
544 uint64_t ElementSize = GTI.getSequentialElementStride(DL: *DL);
545 if (ArrayIdx->getType()->getIntegerBitWidth() <=
546 DL->getIndexSizeInBits(AS: GEP->getAddressSpace())) {
547 // Skip factoring if ArrayIdx is wider than the index size, because
548 // ArrayIdx is implicitly truncated to the index size.
549 factorArrayIndex(ArrayIdx, Base: BaseExpr, ElementSize, GEP);
550 }
551 // When ArrayIdx is the sext of a value, we try to factor that value as
552 // well. Handling this case is important because array indices are
553 // typically sign-extended to the pointer index size.
554 Value *TruncatedArrayIdx = nullptr;
555 if (match(V: ArrayIdx, P: m_SExt(Op: m_Value(V&: TruncatedArrayIdx))) &&
556 TruncatedArrayIdx->getType()->getIntegerBitWidth() <=
557 DL->getIndexSizeInBits(AS: GEP->getAddressSpace())) {
558 // Skip factoring if TruncatedArrayIdx is wider than the pointer size,
559 // because TruncatedArrayIdx is implicitly truncated to the pointer size.
560 factorArrayIndex(ArrayIdx: TruncatedArrayIdx, Base: BaseExpr, ElementSize, GEP);
561 }
562
563 IndexExprs[I - 1] = OrigIndexExpr;
564 }
565}
566
567// A helper function that unifies the bitwidth of A and B.
568static void unifyBitWidth(APInt &A, APInt &B) {
569 if (A.getBitWidth() < B.getBitWidth())
570 A = A.sext(width: B.getBitWidth());
571 else if (A.getBitWidth() > B.getBitWidth())
572 B = B.sext(width: A.getBitWidth());
573}
574
575Value *StraightLineStrengthReduce::emitBump(const Candidate &Basis,
576 const Candidate &C,
577 IRBuilder<> &Builder,
578 const DataLayout *DL) {
579 APInt Idx = C.Index->getValue(), BasisIdx = Basis.Index->getValue();
580 unifyBitWidth(A&: Idx, B&: BasisIdx);
581 APInt IndexOffset = Idx - BasisIdx;
582
583 // Compute Bump = C - Basis = (i' - i) * S.
584 // Common case 1: if (i' - i) is 1, Bump = S.
585 if (IndexOffset == 1)
586 return C.Stride;
587 // Common case 2: if (i' - i) is -1, Bump = -S.
588 if (IndexOffset.isAllOnes())
589 return Builder.CreateNeg(V: C.Stride);
590
591 // Otherwise, Bump = (i' - i) * sext/trunc(S). Note that (i' - i) and S may
592 // have different bit widths.
593 IntegerType *DeltaType =
594 IntegerType::get(C&: Basis.Ins->getContext(), NumBits: IndexOffset.getBitWidth());
595 Value *ExtendedStride = Builder.CreateSExtOrTrunc(V: C.Stride, DestTy: DeltaType);
596 if (IndexOffset.isPowerOf2()) {
597 // If (i' - i) is a power of 2, Bump = sext/trunc(S) << log(i' - i).
598 ConstantInt *Exponent = ConstantInt::get(Ty: DeltaType, V: IndexOffset.logBase2());
599 return Builder.CreateShl(LHS: ExtendedStride, RHS: Exponent);
600 }
601 if (IndexOffset.isNegatedPowerOf2()) {
602 // If (i - i') is a power of 2, Bump = -sext/trunc(S) << log(i' - i).
603 ConstantInt *Exponent =
604 ConstantInt::get(Ty: DeltaType, V: (-IndexOffset).logBase2());
605 return Builder.CreateNeg(V: Builder.CreateShl(LHS: ExtendedStride, RHS: Exponent));
606 }
607 Constant *Delta = ConstantInt::get(Ty: DeltaType, V: IndexOffset);
608 return Builder.CreateMul(LHS: ExtendedStride, RHS: Delta);
609}
610
611void StraightLineStrengthReduce::rewriteCandidateWithBasis(
612 const Candidate &C, const Candidate &Basis) {
613 assert(C.CandidateKind == Basis.CandidateKind && C.Base == Basis.Base &&
614 C.Stride == Basis.Stride);
615 // We run rewriteCandidateWithBasis on all candidates in a post-order, so the
616 // basis of a candidate cannot be unlinked before the candidate.
617 assert(Basis.Ins->getParent() != nullptr && "the basis is unlinked");
618
619 // An instruction can correspond to multiple candidates. Therefore, instead of
620 // simply deleting an instruction when we rewrite it, we mark its parent as
621 // nullptr (i.e. unlink it) so that we can skip the candidates whose
622 // instruction is already rewritten.
623 if (!C.Ins->getParent())
624 return;
625
626 IRBuilder<> Builder(C.Ins);
627 Value *Bump = emitBump(Basis, C, Builder, DL);
628 Value *Reduced = nullptr; // equivalent to but weaker than C.Ins
629 switch (C.CandidateKind) {
630 case Candidate::Add:
631 case Candidate::Mul: {
632 // C = Basis + Bump
633 Value *NegBump;
634 if (match(V: Bump, P: m_Neg(V: m_Value(V&: NegBump)))) {
635 // If Bump is a neg instruction, emit C = Basis - (-Bump).
636 Reduced = Builder.CreateSub(LHS: Basis.Ins, RHS: NegBump);
637 // We only use the negative argument of Bump, and Bump itself may be
638 // trivially dead.
639 RecursivelyDeleteTriviallyDeadInstructions(V: Bump);
640 } else {
641 // It's tempting to preserve nsw on Bump and/or Reduced. However, it's
642 // usually unsound, e.g.,
643 //
644 // X = (-2 +nsw 1) *nsw INT_MAX
645 // Y = (-2 +nsw 3) *nsw INT_MAX
646 // =>
647 // Y = X + 2 * INT_MAX
648 //
649 // Neither + and * in the resultant expression are nsw.
650 Reduced = Builder.CreateAdd(LHS: Basis.Ins, RHS: Bump);
651 }
652 break;
653 }
654 case Candidate::GEP: {
655 bool InBounds = cast<GetElementPtrInst>(Val: C.Ins)->isInBounds();
656 // C = (char *)Basis + Bump
657 Reduced = Builder.CreatePtrAdd(Ptr: Basis.Ins, Offset: Bump, Name: "", NW: InBounds);
658 break;
659 }
660 default:
661 llvm_unreachable("C.CandidateKind is invalid");
662 };
663 Reduced->takeName(V: C.Ins);
664 C.Ins->replaceAllUsesWith(V: Reduced);
665 // Unlink C.Ins so that we can skip other candidates also corresponding to
666 // C.Ins. The actual deletion is postponed to the end of runOnFunction.
667 C.Ins->removeFromParent();
668 UnlinkedInstructions.push_back(x: C.Ins);
669}
670
671bool StraightLineStrengthReduceLegacyPass::runOnFunction(Function &F) {
672 if (skipFunction(F))
673 return false;
674
675 auto *TTI = &getAnalysis<TargetTransformInfoWrapperPass>().getTTI(F);
676 auto *DT = &getAnalysis<DominatorTreeWrapperPass>().getDomTree();
677 auto *SE = &getAnalysis<ScalarEvolutionWrapperPass>().getSE();
678 return StraightLineStrengthReduce(DL, DT, SE, TTI).runOnFunction(F);
679}
680
681bool StraightLineStrengthReduce::runOnFunction(Function &F) {
682 // Traverse the dominator tree in the depth-first order. This order makes sure
683 // all bases of a candidate are in Candidates when we process it.
684 for (const auto Node : depth_first(G: DT))
685 for (auto &I : *(Node->getBlock()))
686 allocateCandidatesAndFindBasis(I: &I);
687
688 // Rewrite candidates in the reverse depth-first order. This order makes sure
689 // a candidate being rewritten is not a basis for any other candidate.
690 while (!Candidates.empty()) {
691 const Candidate &C = Candidates.back();
692 if (C.Basis != nullptr) {
693 rewriteCandidateWithBasis(C, Basis: *C.Basis);
694 }
695 Candidates.pop_back();
696 }
697
698 // Delete all unlink instructions.
699 for (auto *UnlinkedInst : UnlinkedInstructions) {
700 for (unsigned I = 0, E = UnlinkedInst->getNumOperands(); I != E; ++I) {
701 Value *Op = UnlinkedInst->getOperand(i: I);
702 UnlinkedInst->setOperand(i: I, Val: nullptr);
703 RecursivelyDeleteTriviallyDeadInstructions(V: Op);
704 }
705 UnlinkedInst->deleteValue();
706 }
707 bool Ret = !UnlinkedInstructions.empty();
708 UnlinkedInstructions.clear();
709 return Ret;
710}
711
712namespace llvm {
713
714PreservedAnalyses
715StraightLineStrengthReducePass::run(Function &F, FunctionAnalysisManager &AM) {
716 const DataLayout *DL = &F.getDataLayout();
717 auto *DT = &AM.getResult<DominatorTreeAnalysis>(IR&: F);
718 auto *SE = &AM.getResult<ScalarEvolutionAnalysis>(IR&: F);
719 auto *TTI = &AM.getResult<TargetIRAnalysis>(IR&: F);
720
721 if (!StraightLineStrengthReduce(DL, DT, SE, TTI).runOnFunction(F))
722 return PreservedAnalyses::all();
723
724 PreservedAnalyses PA;
725 PA.preserveSet<CFGAnalyses>();
726 PA.preserve<DominatorTreeAnalysis>();
727 PA.preserve<ScalarEvolutionAnalysis>();
728 PA.preserve<TargetIRAnalysis>();
729 return PA;
730}
731
732} // namespace llvm
733